Best Real Estate Agents in Pembroke, MA• Updated

Looking for the best real estate agent in Pembroke, MA? This page ranks the top realtors in Pembroke by actual transaction data — not reviews or paid ads. Whether you want to find a top listing agent in Pembroke, MA or buy a home in Pembroke, our 2026 rankings use verified sales records, days on market, and price retention to surface the highest-performing agents.

Market Pulse
|Real-time Analysis

Market Pulse: Hot 🔥

The Pembroke, MA real estate market is currently a Seller's Market. Homes are retaining 100% of their value (Sale Price to List Price Ratio). With 3 active listings and 17 closed sales this month, inventory remains at 0.2 months of supply. Trends over the last half-year show median values moving down by 3%, while Average Days on Market has increased by 2%. Listings in Pembroke are moving 4 days faster than the Plymouth average.

Top Listing & Buyer's Agents in Pembroke, MA

Detached Homes

71115MarAprMayJunJulAug
Sales Volume
Sales volume has grown by 99% over the last 6 months, showing a positive trend with currently 15 transactions.
Entry Level Detached Home Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$344K$414K$484KMarAprMayJunJulAugJames Clarke (Buyer): Median Price $360KJCJessica Swenson (Buyer): Median Price $435KJSCarol Terrio (Seller): Median Price $450KCT
The average price in the Entry Level Detached Home segment has risen by 13% over the last 4 months.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
3d73d142dMarAprMayJunJulAugJames Clarke (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 126dJCJessica Swenson (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 45dJSCarol Terrio (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 21dCT
Lower is better
Days on market for Entry Level Detached Home is increasing, with homes now staying on market for 87 days on average.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
79%94%108%MarAprMayJunJulAugJames Clarke (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 83%JCJessica Swenson (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 97%JSCarol Terrio (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 105%CT
Higher is better
Lower is better
Seller leverage in the Entry Level Detached Home market is shifting towards buyers, with the Sale Price to List Price Ratio now at 98%.
Entry Level Detached Home Segment
($280K - $480K)
DEALS
14
AVG. DOM
66d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
98%
KK
Kathleen Keegan
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
99%
KW
Kyle Waszeciak
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
109%
CT
Carol Terrio
Top Seller
1-3
15-30 days
105%
RL
Rousha LaFontant
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
104%
PS
Phyllis Silenzi
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
JC
James Clarke
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
83%
KM
Kimberley Martin
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
92%
KH
Kim Daly Haskell
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
96%
JS
Jessica Swenson
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
97%
CM
Cheryl Marquardt
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
97%
Mid-Market Detached Home Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$449K$693K$936KMarAprMayJunJulAugDavid Colville (Buyer): Median Price $790KDCJessica Catapano (Buyer): Median Price $505KJCKathleen Keegan (Seller): Median Price $550KKKKathleen Keegan (Seller): Median Price $865KKKBen and Kate Real Estate (Seller): Median Price $880KBEBen and Kate Real Estate (Seller): Median Price $790KBESharon McNamara (Seller): Median Price $717KSMSharon McNamara (Seller): Median Price $775KSMSharon McNamara (Seller): Median Price $519KSMAndrea Campbell (Seller): Median Price $875KACJameson Lee (Seller): Median Price $800KJL
The average price in the Mid-Market Detached Home segment has softened by 10% over the last 6 months.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
29d51d72dMarAprMayJunJulAugDavid Colville (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 47dDCJessica Catapano (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 67dJCKathleen Keegan (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 59dKKKathleen Keegan (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 43dKKBen and Kate Real Estate (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 60dBEBen and Kate Real Estate (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 49dBESharon McNamara (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 59dSMSharon McNamara (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 34dSMSharon McNamara (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 37dSMAndrea Campbell (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 50dACJameson Lee (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 44dJL
Lower is better
Days on market for Mid-Market Detached Home is increasing, with homes now staying on market for 62 days on average.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
91%101%110%MarAprMayJunJulAugDavid Colville (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 93%DCJessica Catapano (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 96%JCKathleen Keegan (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%KKKathleen Keegan (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 108%KKBen and Kate Real Estate (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%BEBen and Kate Real Estate (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 104%BESharon McNamara (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 102%SMSharon McNamara (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 103%SMSharon McNamara (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 98%SMAndrea Campbell (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 106%ACJameson Lee (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%JL
Higher is better
Lower is better
Seller leverage in the Mid-Market Detached Home market is shifting towards buyers, with the Sale Price to List Price Ratio now at 100%.
Mid-Market Detached Home Segment
($490K - $880K)
DEALS
97
AVG. DOM
53d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
102%
KK
Kathleen Keegan
Top Seller
3-5
30-60 days
103%
BE
Ben and Kate Real Estate
Top Seller
5-8
> 60 days
102%
SM
Sharon McNamara
Top Seller
3-5
30-60 days
102%
AC
Andrea Campbell
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
107%
JL
Jameson Lee
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
PL
Penny Locke
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
91%
DC
David Colville
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
93%
NM
Natalia Maccarrone
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
94%
JC
Jessica Catapano
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
96%
DD
Daniel DiMatteo
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
97%
High-End Detached Home Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$863K$1.1M$1.4MMarAprMayJunJulAugJeffrey Monast (Buyer): Median Price $920KJMAnne Fitzgerald (Buyer): Median Price $1MAFFaith Bermingham (Seller): Median Price $1.1MFBJim Woolf (Seller): Median Price $995KJWBrett Mensinger (Seller): Median Price $1.2MBMLaura Winters (Seller): Median Price $1.2MLW
The average price in the High-End Detached Home segment has softened by 22% over the last 6 months.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
15d72d128dMarAprMayJunJulAugJeffrey Monast (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 55dJMAnne Fitzgerald (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 70dAFFaith Bermingham (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 30dFBJim Woolf (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 70dJWBrett Mensinger (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 28dBMLaura Winters (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 28dLW
Lower is better
Days on market for High-End Detached Home is decreasing, with homes now staying on market for 68 days on average.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
91%102%113%MarAprMayJunJulAugJeffrey Monast (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 93%JMAnne Fitzgerald (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 97%AFFaith Bermingham (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 111%FBJim Woolf (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 111%JWBrett Mensinger (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 106%BMLaura Winters (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 106%LW
Higher is better
Lower is better
Seller leverage in the High-End Detached Home market is shifting towards buyers, with the Sale Price to List Price Ratio now at 106%.
High-End Detached Home Segment
($920K - $1.4M)
DEALS
25
AVG. DOM
57d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
102%
FB
Faith Bermingham
Top Seller
1-3
15-30 days
111%
SM
Susan Marshall
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
110%
JW
Jim Woolf
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
111%
BM
Brett Mensinger
Top Seller
1-3
15-30 days
106%
LW
Laura Winters
Top Seller
1-3
15-30 days
106%
TR
Teresa Roth
Top Buyer
1-3
15-30 days
93%
JM
Jeffrey Monast
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
93%
KH
Kristen Heffron
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
96%
AF
Anne Fitzgerald
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
97%
GS
Gina Stoddard
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
98%
Ultra-Luxury Detached Home Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$1.5M$1.5M$1.5MMarAprMayJunJulAug
The Ultra-Luxury Detached Home tier commands a price of $1.5M.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
80d80d80dMarAprMayJunJulAug
Lower is better
Detached Home homes in the Ultra-Luxury range average 80 days on market.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
97%97%97%MarAprMayJunJulAug
Higher is better
Lower is better
Sellers of Ultra-Luxury Detached Home assets receive 97% of list price.
Ultra-Luxury Detached Home Segment
($1.5M - $2.1M)
DEALS
2
AVG. DOM
77d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
96%

Townhomes

12.54MarAprMayJunJulAug
Sales Volume
Sales volume has decreased by 47% over the last 6 months, showing a downward trend with currently 1 transactions.
Entry Level Townhome Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$244K$375K$505KMarAprMayJunJulAugDavid Gasser (Buyer): Median Price $274KDGJustin Nee (Buyer): Median Price $475KJNJen Palmer (Buyer): Median Price $460KJPDanielle Raye Provo (Buyer): Median Price $450KDPSarah Stone (Seller): Median Price $460KSSBob DeVito (Seller): Median Price $460KBDMaria Stewart (Seller): Median Price $458KMSKathleen Keegan (Seller): Median Price $450KKK
The average price in the Entry Level Townhome segment has risen by 15% over the last 4 months.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
11d93d174dMarAprMayJunJulAugDavid Gasser (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 155dDGJustin Nee (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 69dJNJen Palmer (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 68dJPDanielle Raye Provo (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 51dDPSarah Stone (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 30dSSBob DeVito (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 38dBDMaria Stewart (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 46dMSKathleen Keegan (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 51dKK
Lower is better
Days on market for Entry Level Townhome is decreasing, with homes now staying on market for 51 days on average.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
96%99%103%MarAprMayJunJulAugDavid Gasser (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 97%DGJustin Nee (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 98%JNJen Palmer (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 99%JPDanielle Raye Provo (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%DPSarah Stone (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 102%SSBob DeVito (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 101%BDMaria Stewart (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%MSKathleen Keegan (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%KK
Higher is better
Lower is better
Seller leverage in the Entry Level Townhome market is shifting towards buyers, with the Sale Price to List Price Ratio now at 100%.
Entry Level Townhome Segment
($270K - $480K)
DEALS
10
AVG. DOM
63d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
101%
BM
Beatrice Murphy
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
111%
SS
Sarah Stone
Top Seller
1-3
15-30 days
102%
BD
Bob DeVito
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
101%
MS
Maria Stewart
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
KK
Kathleen Keegan
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
DG
David Gasser
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
97%
CS
Catherine Starr
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
97%
JN
Justin Nee
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
98%
JP
Jen Palmer
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
99%
DP
Danielle Raye Provo
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
100%
Mid-Market Townhome Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$464K$621K$777KMarAprMayJunJulAugMiene Smith (Buyer): Median Price $575KMSBen and Kate Real Estate (Buyer): Median Price $500KBEPoppy Troupe (Buyer): Median Price $590KPTMichael Cogburn (Seller): Median Price $575KMCRobert Harrington (Seller): Median Price $575KRHDebra Cina (Seller): Median Price $741KDCDenise Keating (Seller): Median Price $590KDK
The average price in the Mid-Market Townhome segment has risen by 30% over the last 4 months.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
26d64d102dMarAprMayJunJulAugMiene Smith (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 40dMSBen and Kate Real Estate (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 93dBEPoppy Troupe (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 68dPTMichael Cogburn (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 40dMCRobert Harrington (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 40dRHDebra Cina (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 35dDCDenise Keating (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 68dDK
Lower is better
Days on market for Mid-Market Townhome is decreasing, with homes now staying on market for 65 days on average.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
94%98%103%MarAprMayJunJulAugMiene Smith (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%MSBen and Kate Real Estate (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 95%BEPoppy Troupe (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 99%PTMichael Cogburn (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%MCRobert Harrington (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%RHDebra Cina (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 102%DCDenise Keating (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 99%DK
Higher is better
Lower is better
Seller leverage in the Mid-Market Townhome market is strengthening, with the Sale Price to List Price Ratio now at 101%.
Mid-Market Townhome Segment
($500K - $820K)
DEALS
12
AVG. DOM
57d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
100%
MC
Michael Cogburn
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
RH
Robert Harrington
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
DC
Debra Cina
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
102%
KC
Kristin Coletti
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
101%
DK
Denise Keating
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
99%
MS
Miene Smith
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
100%
BE
Ben and Kate Real Estate
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
95%
BC
Brittany Cogliano
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
98%
PT
Poppy Troupe
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
99%
AL
Ann Marie Link
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
101%

Condo/Co-op

111MayJul
Sales Volume
Sales volume has remained steady over the last 2 months, holding at 1 transactions.
Entry Level Condo/Co-op Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$478K$478K$478KMarAprMayJunJulAugJameson Lee (Buyer): Median Price $478KJLEric Sugrue (Seller): Median Price $478KES
The Entry Level Condo/Co-op tier commands a price of $478K.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
84d84d84dMarAprMayJunJulAugJameson Lee (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 84dJLEric Sugrue (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 84dES
Lower is better
Condo/Co-op homes in the Entry Level range average 84 days on market.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
100%100%101%MarAprMayJunJulAugJameson Lee (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%JLEric Sugrue (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%ES
Higher is better
Lower is better
Sellers of Entry Level Condo/Co-op assets receive 100% of list price.
Entry Level Condo/Co-op Segment
($360K - $480K)
DEALS
2
AVG. DOM
77d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
96%
ES
Eric Sugrue
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
100%
RS
Roe Sheppard
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
91%
LC
Lisa Cranshaw
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
91%
JL
Jameson Lee
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
100%
Mid-Market Condo/Co-op Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$725K$725K$725KMarAprMayJunJulAugChristine Daley (Buyer): Median Price $725KCDKimberlee Canducci (Seller): Median Price $725KKC
The Mid-Market Condo/Co-op tier commands a price of $725K.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
61d61d61dMarAprMayJunJulAugChristine Daley (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 61dCDKimberlee Canducci (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 61dKC
Lower is better
Condo/Co-op homes in the Mid-Market range average 61 days on market.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
100%100%100%MarAprMayJunJulAugChristine Daley (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%CDKimberlee Canducci (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%KC
Higher is better
Lower is better
Sellers of Mid-Market Condo/Co-op assets receive 100% of list price.
Mid-Market Condo/Co-op Segment
($580K - $720K)
DEALS
2
AVG. DOM
70d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
99%
KC
Kimberlee Canducci
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
100%
HR
Heather Roy
Top Seller
1-3
> 60 days
99%
SS
Suzanne Stevens
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
99%
CD
Christine Daley
Top Buyer
1-3
> 60 days
100%

Multi-Family (2-4 Unit)

111Apr
Sales Volume
Multi-Family (2-4 Unit) recorded 1 transactions recently.
Mid-Market Multi-Family (2-4 Unit) Market Trends
Median Price
Market Trend
$780K$780K$780KMarAprMayJunJulAugFaith Bermingham (Buyer): Median Price $780KFBAnna Colletta (Seller): Median Price $780KAC
The Mid-Market Multi-Family (2-4 Unit) tier commands a price of $780K.
Days On Market Avg.
Market Trend
47d47d47dMarAprMayJunJulAugFaith Bermingham (Buyer): Days On Market Avg. 47dFBAnna Colletta (Seller): Days On Market Avg. 47dAC
Lower is better
Multi-Family (2-4 Unit) homes in the Mid-Market range average 47 days on market.
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
Market Trend
100%100%100%MarAprMayJunJulAugFaith Bermingham (Buyer): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%FBAnna Colletta (Seller): Sale-to-List Ratio 100%AC
Higher is better
Lower is better
Sellers of Mid-Market Multi-Family (2-4 Unit) assets receive 100% of list price.
Mid-Market Multi-Family (2-4 Unit) Segment
($780K - $780K)
DEALS
1
AVG. DOM
47d
Sale Price to List Price Ratio
100%
AC
Anna Colletta
Top Seller
1-3
30-60 days
100%
FB
Faith Bermingham
Top Buyer
1-3
30-60 days
100%

Pembroke Real Estate Market Trends September 2026

Total Active Listings
3
Recently Listed (7d)
0
market entries
Average List Price
$1.6M
current avg.

Inventory Breakdown by Segment

Property TypeEntry LevelHigh-EndMid-MarketUltra-LuxuryTotal
Detached Home
1
1
2
Multi-Family (2-4 Unit)
1
1

Market Insights & FAQ

How is the real estate market in Pembroke, MA performing right now?

The data indicates a high-intensity environment in Pembroke, MA. Inventory is at 0.2 months, meaning a fast-paced market where inventory is limited. Inventory is critically low, meaning well-priced homes move rapidly often with multiple offers.

What are the current pricing trends for Pembroke, MA real estate?

Currently, $696,000 represents the median entry point in Pembroke, MA. Over the past half-year, home values in Pembroke have moved downward by approximately 3% based on regional transaction data.

Are sellers in Pembroke, MA getting their full asking price?

Sellers hold significant leverage in Pembroke, MA, with a Sale Price to List Price Ratio of 100.2%. On average, properties in Pembroke are transitioning from active to sold status in 57 days.

Who is the best agent to sell my home in Pembroke?

Based on closed transaction data, Kathleen Keegan ranks at the top of our Pembroke leaderboard — with 4 completed transactions on record earning an algorithm performance score of 63. Agent Algo's rankings are built entirely from real deal outcomes — not reviews or paid placements — so this reflects actual results in the local market.

How does the Pembroke, MA market compare to Plymouth trends?

Pembroke, MA maintains a distinct profile within the broader Plymouth region. Median home values are currently 12% lower than the regional average, reflecting the unique demand and inventory dynamics of Pembroke.

Who is a top listing agent for Mid-Market Detached Home homes in Pembroke, MA?

If you're selling a Mid-Market Detached Home in Pembroke, MA, the data points to Kathleen Keegan as a standout choice. Their listings in this segment have consistently closed faster than the local average while achieving above-average sale-to-list ratios — a rare combination that directly benefits sellers on both time and final price.

Who is a top listing agent for Mid-Market Townhome homes in Pembroke, MA?

Our transaction-level analysis puts Michael Cogburn at the top for Mid-Market Townhome listings in Pembroke, MA. The data points to a dual edge here: shorter time on market than is typical for this segment, and sale prices that hold closer to — or above — the asking price compared to local norms.

Which agent is best for buying a Mid-Market Townhome in Pembroke, MA?

If you're hunting for a Mid-Market Townhome in Pembroke, MA, Miene Smith's track record speaks for itself. When inventory is limited, speed matters. Their track record in the Mid-Market Townhome segment shows they consistently move faster than most buyer's agents — without sacrificing due diligence.

Who is a top listing agent for Entry Level Detached Home homes in Pembroke, MA?

Kathleen Keegan has been particularly active in Pembroke's Entry Level Detached Home segment, and the numbers back it up. Their listings in this segment have consistently closed faster than the local average while achieving above-average sale-to-list ratios — a rare combination that directly benefits sellers on both time and final price.

Which agent is best for buying a Entry Level Detached Home in Pembroke, MA?

James Clarke has a strong showing as a buyer's agent in Pembroke's Entry Level Detached Home market. Across their deals in the Entry Level Detached Home category, James Clarke has consistently achieved better-than-average terms relative to asking price in Pembroke, MA. That kind of negotiating edge compounds over a transaction.

Who is a top listing agent for High-End Detached Home homes in Pembroke, MA?

Sellers of High-End Detached Home homes in Pembroke, MA have found a reliable partner in Faith Bermingham, based on closed deal data. Speed and price retention together are the hardest combination to find in a single agent. Their track record in the High-End Detached Home category in Pembroke, MA reflects both.

Who is a top listing agent for Entry Level Townhome homes in Pembroke, MA?

In the Entry Level Townhome category, few agents in Pembroke, MA can match the track record of Beatrice Murphy. Their Entry Level Townhome closings in Pembroke, MA show an above-average sale-to-list ratio for this segment — a sign of skilled pricing and negotiation that protects seller value.

Which agent is best for buying a Mid-Market Detached Home in Pembroke, MA?

Penny Locke has helped buyers close on Mid-Market Detached Home properties in Pembroke, MA — and the data shows it. Across their deals in the Mid-Market Detached Home category, Penny Locke has consistently achieved better-than-average terms relative to asking price in Pembroke, MA. That kind of negotiating edge compounds over a transaction.